In-Depth Look at Windows 11 Retail Version Features
Intro
Windows 11 marks a significant evolution in Microsoft's approach to personal computing. As more users consider upgrading, understanding what the retail version has to offer is crucial. This overview serves as a succinct guide for consumers, tech enthusiasts, and gamers looking to grasp the entirety of what Microsoft has introduced.
Overview of the Product
Purpose and Benefits
This retail version is designed to enhance user experience through a blend of improved performance, a modernized interface, and enriched security features. Windows 11 emphasizes efficiency and productivity, making it suitable for various uses, from everyday tasks to gaming and creative work.
Target Audience
Windows 11 aims to captivate a diverse audience. Tech enthusiasts are drawn to its cutting-edge features, gamers appreciate the performance improvements, and everyday users benefit from its intuitive design. Understanding these groups can guide better decision-making for prospective buyers.
Key Features
Some key features to highlight include:
- Redesigned User Interface: Offers a more streamlined look with a centered Start menu.
- Snap Layouts and Groups: Enhance multitasking capabilities.
- Performance Enhancements: Optimized loading times and better resource management.
- Improved Security: New measures to guard against evolving cyber threats.
Technical Specifications
Detailed Product Specs
Windows 11 sets certain system requirements aimed at maximizing performance. These specifications ensure that users get the most out of their hardware.
CPU Characteristics
The retail version necessitates a compatible 64-bit processor with a minimum speed of 1 GHz and at least two cores.
GPU Features
Support for DirectX 12 and a DirectX 12 compatible graphics card is essential for optimal visual performance, especially for gamers.
Memory Details
A minimum of 4 GB RAM is recommended. However, to fully utilize all features, 8 GB or higher is preferable.
Performance Benchmarks
Many users have reported noticeable speed improvements compared to Windows 10, making daily tasks and gaming experiences more enjoyable and efficient.
Comparison with Similar Products
Market Competitors
Windows 11 enters a competitive market that includes macOS and various Linux distributions.
Comparative Analysis
While each operating system has its strengths, Windows 11 focuses on broad compatibility and gaming enhancements, appealing directly to a large segment of users.
Best Use Cases
Gamers, professional content creators, and casual users alike can find niche advantages within Windows 11, making it a versatile OS for varying needs.
Installation and Setup Guide
Requirements for Installation
Before installing, ensure that you meet the system requirements detailed earlier. Internet connectivity is also required for updates and features.
Step-by-Step Process
- Back up important data.
- Download the installation tool from Microsoft's official site.
- Follow on-screen instructions to create installation media.
- Boot from the media and follow prompts to install.
Tips for Optimizing Setup
- Ensure drivers are updated post-installation for best performance.
- Customize privacy settings based on your comfort level to enhance security.
Common Questionss and Troubleshooting
Common Issues and Solutions
Some users have encountered installation errors. Often, these can be resolved by checking if the PC meets all requirements or ensuring no previous OS conflicts are present.
Expert Tips
For a smoother experience, consider participating in forums like Reddit for community support and troubleshooting advice.
Prelude to Windows
Overview of Windows
Windows 11 represents a significant evolution in Microsoft’s operating system lineup. Launched in total with a promise of enhanced performance, a modern interface, and more productivity features, it aims to create a better user experience. This version focuses heavily on integration and connectivity, emphasizing how users interact with software and hardware.
The introduction of widgets, redesigned menu interfaces, and optimized touch-friendly elements demonstrates Microsoft's commitment to adapting to current trends. Emphasizing aesthetics along with functionality, Windows 11 seeks to cater to the diverse needs of various users. Notably, the redesigned taskbar and the centering of application icons signify a new era for Windows, making it visually appealing while maintaining ease of use.
Purpose of the Retail Version
The retail edition of Windows 11 serves as a primary access point for consumers looking to upgrade or install the operating system on new devices. Its purpose is not solely about software distribution, but also about ensuring users receive a consistently high-quality experience.
By engaging with the retail version, users gain access to extensive support and resources. Additionally, the retail version standardizes certain features and functionalities, which can help eliminate confusion among the user base. This clarity is critical in today's rapidly evolving tech environment.
The retail version also helps users make informed buying decisions by clearly detailing the system requirements and capabilities of Windows 11. This enables a smoother transition for those moving from older versions.
As Windows 11 continues to develop, the retail version stands as an essential starting point for anyone interested in exploring new features or maximizing their current device’s capabilities.
System Requirements
Understanding system requirements is crucial for anyone considering the installation of Windows 11. The performance and compatibility of this operating system heavily depend on the hardware it runs on. Hence, before embarking on the installation journey, users must evaluate if their systems meet or exceed the necessary specifications. This section outlines the minimum and recommended requirements for Windows 11 and discusses the implications of these requirements for typical users.
Minimum Requirements for Installation
To install Windows 11, users must ensure their system meets the minimum requirements set by Microsoft. These requirements establish the baseline for a successful installation and running of the operating system. The key elements include:
- Processor: 1 GHz or faster with at least two cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or system on a chip (SoC).
- RAM: A minimum of 4 GB of RAM is necessary for operation.
- Storage: At least 64 GB of available storage is required.
- Firmware: UEFI, Secure Boot capable.
- TPM: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0.
- Graphics: DirectX 12 compatible graphics / WDDM 2.x.
- Display: > 9” with HD Resolution (720p).
These requirements ensure that users can run Windows 11 without severe performance issues, but they might still experience limitations in functionality, speed, or multitasking capabilities. Given these constraints, users should critically assess their current hardware.
Recommended Specifications
For an optimal experience with Windows 11, it is advisable to surpass the minimum requirements. Meeting the recommended specifications allows users to utilize the full capabilities of the operating system. The recommended specifications include:
- Processor: 1 GHz or faster with at least four cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or SoC.
- RAM: 8 GB or more is preferred for smooth multitasking.
- Storage: 128 GB or more for adequate space for apps and updates.
- Graphics: DirectX 12 compatible graphics / WDDM 2.x.
- Display: > 9” with Full HD resolution (1080p).
When considering buying new hardware or upgrading existing components, it is wise to factor in these recommended specs. They not only contribute to a better user experience but also secure longevity as software updates roll out in the future.
By equipping systems with adequate hardware, users can maximize their investment in Windows 11 and push the operating system’s capabilities to the fullest potential.
In summarizing, knowing and understanding both minimum and recommended system requirements is essential. It helps users avoid compatibility issues and enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of their computing tasks.
Key Features of Windows
Windows 11 introduces several key features that enhance user experience and integrate modern needs. These features reflect a shift in focus towards productivity, a fresh aesthetic, and improved connectivity with software and services. Understanding these key features helps users and tech enthusiasts appreciate the advancements and functionality of this retail version.
User Interface Enhancements
The user interface of Windows 11 is designed with a cleaner, more modern approach. The taskbar is centralized, providing a balanced layout that is visually appealing. Windows are rounded at the corners, giving them a softer look. The new Snap Layouts feature allows users to arrange multiple open windows effortlessly. Users can simply hover over the maximize button to view layout options and quickly organize their windows for better multitasking. This addresses the needs of those who often work with various applications running simultaneously.
Some noteworthy aspects of the user interface include:
- New Start Menu: The Start Menu has been simplified, eliminating live tiles, making it easier to access frequently used apps.
- Widgets: A new widgets feature delivers personalized news, weather, and calendar updates at a glance.
- Dark Mode: An enhanced dark mode improves the viewing experience, reducing eye strain and providing a modern aesthetic.
Overall, these enhancements foster a more intuitive user experience.
Integration with Microsoft Services
Windows 11 offers seamless integration with Microsoft services, which significantly enhances its functionality. Features such as Microsoft Teams are built into the taskbar, making communication more accessible. This is particularly beneficial as remote work and collaboration become increasingly common across industries. Users can initiate chats or video calls with a single click, streamlining their communication process.
Further integrations include:
- OneDrive Integration: Effortless access to OneDrive allows users to store, share, and collaborate on files in real time.
- Xbox Game Pass: Windows 11 includes support for Xbox Game Pass, providing users access to a vast library of games directly on their operating system.
- Microsoft Store Revamped: A redesigned Microsoft Store improves app discovery, offering a wider selection of applications.
These integrations position Windows 11 as a multifaceted platform catering to both personal and professional needs.
Gaming Features
Gaming on Windows 11 has received a significant boost, making it a preferred choice for gamers. This operating system supports features like Auto HDR and DirectStorage, which optimize game performance and visual quality. Auto HDR enhances the lighting and colors in compatible games without requiring additional tweaks from the user.
Additionally, DirectStorage minimizes load times by allowing games to load content directly from the SSD to the GPU. This translates to faster loading times and a more fluid gaming experience, as stipulated by many game developers.
Key gaming features include:
- Compatibility with Xbox Series X and S: Games that are optimized for Xbox can run smoothly on Windows 11, benefiting from console-level enhancements.
- Game Mode: This feature prioritizes CPU and GPU resources for gaming tasks, reducing interruptions from other applications.
- Enhanced Graphics Settings: Windows 11 allows gamers to leverage advanced graphics settings, improving overall performance and user engagement.
In summary, the gaming features of Windows 11 make it an attractive option for gamers, ensuring a dynamic and immersive experience that meets contemporary gaming standards.
User Experience Improvements
User experience is a critical factor when evaluating any operating system. Windows 11 aims to improve user satisfaction and productivity through various enhancements. These improvements affect how users interact with their devices, making tasks easier and more efficient. Below, we discuss performance enhancements, multitasking capabilities, and support for touch and gestures.
Performance Enhancements
One of the major aspects of Windows 11 is its focus on performance enhancements. The new operating system is designed to take advantage of modern hardware and provide a smoother experience. Innovations in memory management mean Windows 11 can allocate resources more efficiently, leading to quicker boot times and faster application launches.
Additionally, Windows 11 supports newer technologies like DirectStorage, which can significantly reduce loading times in games by allowing the GPU to access the storage drive directly. This leads to better resource usage, minimized latency, and more immersive gaming experiences. Moreover, the integration of the Windows Subsystem for Android allows for running Android apps natively, further accentuating its seamless performance.
Multitasking Capabilities
Multitasking is a crucial element in today's fast-paced environment. Windows 11 introduces several features designed to enhance multitasking capabilities. The Snap Layouts and Snap Groups functionality allows users to organize open windows more efficiently on their desktops. Users can arrange their workspaces easily by dragging windows into predefined layouts, thus maximizing screen real estate.
Furthermore, Virtual Desktops have improved, offering users a more organized way to manage different projects or tasks. Each desktop can have its own unique layout and applications, making it easier to switch between different workflows. This improved flexibility empowers users to tailor their multitasking experience to fit their individual needs.
Touch and Gestures Support
With the increase in touchscreen devices, Windows 11 places significant emphasis on touch and gestures support. The touch interface has been refined to make interactions more intuitive. Larger touch targets and enhanced visual feedback ensure that using a touchscreen device is as fluid as possible. This is particularly beneficial for those who prefer to navigate using gestures rather than a mouse or keyboard.
Support for gestures enables users to perform actions quickly. For example, swiping from the edge of the screen can manage applications or control settings efficiently. These enhancements create a more engaging user experience, making it suitable for both casual users and professionals alike.
These user experience improvements in Windows 11 are vital for keeping pace with the demands of modern computing.
Security Improvements
Security is a cornerstone of any operating system. Windows 11 has made significant strides in this domain, especially with the retail version. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the need for robust security features is more imperative than ever. This section will discuss key security improvements, including built-in antivirus features and enhanced privacy settings. Each element plays a crucial role in safeguarding users from digital threats and ensuring a secure computing environment.
Built-in Antivirus Features
One of the primary enhancements in Windows 11 is its built-in antivirus software, Windows Defender. This tool offers comprehensive protection against viruses, malware, and other threats. It plays a vital role in the overall security strategy of the operating system.
Key features of Windows Defender include:
- Real-time Protection: Constantly monitors for threats and reacts promptly to potential risks.
- Cloud-based Protection: Utilizes the power of cloud computing for faster and more efficient threat detection.
- Ransomware Protection: Includes features specifically designed to protect against ransomware attacks, a growing concern for many users.
Windows Defender regularly updates its virus definitions, ensuring that it can combat the latest threats. For many users, this built-in solution is sufficient, reducing the need for third-party antivirus software. However, some advanced users may still opt for additional tools based on their specific needs.
"The cybersecurity landscape is constantly changing, and a strong in-built solution is essential for every user."
Enhanced Privacy Settings
Windows 11 has also focused on enhancing user privacy. In an age where data breaches and unauthorized tracking are prevalent, having control over personal information is crucial. The operating system provides users with more granular control over privacy settings compared to its predecessors.
Some enhancements include:
- Privacy Dashboard: Allows users to view and manage data that apps access, giving insight into which programs have access to personal information.
- Improved Location Services: Users can manage which applications can access their location data, thereby preventing unwanted tracking.
- Enhanced App Permissions: Windows 11 requires apps to seek approval before accessing critical data like camera, microphone, and contacts.
These features allow users to customize their privacy settings in a more informed manner. Keeping personal data out of reach from malicious entities is a priority for many, and Windows 11 facilitates this with its focus on privacy.
Compatibility Considerations
Compatibility is a central theme when addressing Windows 11 retail version. As users consider upgrading or switching to this operating system, understanding the implications related to software and hardware compatibility becomes crucial. Compatibility issues can greatly affect user experience and system performance. Therefore, it is vital for potential users to be well informed about how Windows 11 integrates with their existing systems.
Older Software Compatibility
One significant aspect of compatibility concerns older software applications. Many users rely on specific programs, some of which may not have immediate support for Windows 11. Compatibility with legacy software can influence decision-making about upgrading. While Windows 11 offers a fresh interface and features, the risk of encountering software that does not function optimally or at all is a possibility.
Key points to consider include:
- Testing compatibility: Before upgrading, users should test key applications in Windows 11. This might involve running specific compatibility modes available in the system settings.
- Virtualization: Utilizing virtual machines helps run older software on Windows 11. Programs like Oracle VM VirtualBox and VMware can create a conducive environment for legacy applications.
- Community Insights: Forums such as Reddit or support channels like Facebook often provide user experiences and troubleshooting tips. These communities can offer valuable insights regarding the compatibility of specific software with Windows 11.
It's essential to assess the importance of each application in daily tasks before transitioning to a new operating system.
Hardware Compatibility Challenges
Another significant consideration is hardware compatibility. Windows 11 requires specific hardware specifications, which can present challenges for users with older systems. Not all devices meet the necessary requirements, leading to potential barriers for many users.
Factors to evaluate include:
- Minimum Requirements: Windows 11 mandates TPM 2.0, Secure Boot capability, and a compatible CPU. Users should review whether their systems align with these requirements.
- Driver Support: Ensuring drivers for graphic cards, motherboards, and other peripherals are updated for Windows 11 enhances functionality and performance.
- Performance Expectations: Even with compatible hardware, users should be aware of how older components may function under the new system. Performance issues can emerge from inadequate processing power or insufficient memory.
Installation Options for Retail Version
Selecting the right installation option for Windows 11's retail version is significant for users. It directly impacts how they access the operating system, the convenience of installation, and the user experience thereafter. Understanding both digital and physical options is essential for consumers aiming for the best fit for their needs.
Digital Purchase vs.
Physical Copy
When contemplating between a digital purchase and a physical copy of Windows 11, several factors come into play.
Digital Purchase offers numerous advantages, including:
- Instant Access: Once the purchase is complete, users can download the software immediately.
- Space Efficiency: No need for additional storage for physical media or packaging.
- Ease of Updates: Digital copies are generally easier to update since the latest files can be downloaded directly from Microsoft.
However, there are considerations as well:
- Internet Dependency: A stable internet connection is required for download, which may not be available to all.
- Backup Challenges: Unlike physical copies, where a disc can be stored, backups of digital purchases rely on cloud or external storage solutions.
On the flip side, a Physical Copy includes:
- Tangible Media: Install through a USB flash drive or DVD, which some users prefer.
- Less Tech-Dependent: Option for those who may not be as comfortable downloading software online.
But this option is not without its downsides:
- Delayed Access: It may take longer to receive the physical media after purchasing.
- Storage Space: Requires physical space to store the media, which could be cumbersome for some.
In summary, choosing between a digital purchase or a physical copy of Windows 11 depends on individual preferences and circumstances. Many modern users lean toward digital options, yet the choice remains personal and should reflect one’s usage habits.
Installation Process Overview
Installing the retail version of Windows 11, regardless of the chosen option, follows specific steps that lay the groundwork for effective installation. Here’s a streamlined overview of the process:
- Preparation: Before starting, check system compatibility to ensure the hardware meets the minimum requirements for Windows 11. This can be confirmed through the PC Health Check tool available from Microsoft.
- Acquisition: Purchase the software through a preferred method. For digital copies, obtain a license key via email or account, while physical versions would involve preparing the USB or DVD.
- Backup: It is prudent to backup important files before initiating an installation to prevent any data loss.
- Installation:
- Configure Settings: During installation, you will be guided through several configurations such as language preferences, account setups, and privacy settings. Opt for suitable selections.
- Final Steps: Once installation completes, ensure to install any necessary updates. This improves security and provides the latest features available.
- Digital Copy: After initiating the download, follow prompts to enter the license key. Windows 11 will then install directly from the downloaded files.
- Physical Copy: Insert the USB drive or DVD and run the setup executable. Enter your license key when prompted.
By following a structured installation process, users can reduce issues and ensure a smoother transition to Windows 11.
Cost and Licensing
Understanding the cost and licensing structure of Windows 11 is essential for both individuals and organizations looking to make informed decisions. The approach to pricing directly impacts budget allocation for software and affects user accessibility. Knowing the cost elements helps users comprehend the value proposition of the retail version of Windows 11 as well as the long-term commitments associated with purchasing the software.
Retail Pricing Analysis
The pricing of Windows 11 varies based on the version selected. There are typically several editions, including the Home and Pro versions. Windows 11 Home is designed for general consumers, while the Pro version offers additional features for business users. Pricing can range from around $139 for Home to about $199 for Pro.
When evaluating the retail price, one must consider that pricing can fluctuate due to market demand, promotions, or availability through third-party retailers.
Benefits of purchasing Windows 11 through retail channels include:
- Warranty against software defects: Customers usually receive some form of assurance against defects upon purchase.
- Support availability: Retail versions typically include some level of customer support from Microsoft.
- Flexibility in licensing: Users often find freedom in managing their licenses after the purchase, unlike pre-installed systems that may limit user control.
It is prudent to explore the pricing on various platforms, including Microsoft’s own storefront and authorized resellers, to ensure the best value.
Details on Licensing Types
Windows 11 employs different licensing types that consumers and organizations should understand. Here are the primary options available:
- Retail License: This license allows users to install Windows on any compatible device, provided that they deactivate it on the previous machine.
- OEM License: Generally bundled with hardware, this license is tied to the first computer it is installed on and cannot be transferred.
- Volume Licensing: Aimed at businesses and organizations, this type allows for multiple installations of Windows across numerous devices under a single agreement. It offers more flexibility and cost savings for organizations managing many devices.
Each licensing type serves its demographic. Users with a single device may prefer the retail license, whereas companies may benefit from volume licensing arrangements.
In the context of Windows 11, understanding the intricacies associated with cost and licensing enables users to navigate their options better and align their purchases with their needs and expectations.
Choosing the right Windows 11 edition and licensing type is crucial for optimizing both performance and cost-efficiency, supporting a tailored experience for every user.
User Feedback and Critiques
User feedback and critiques are crucial for understanding the real-world performance of Windows 11's retail version. This section illuminates how users interact with the operating system, providing insights into what works well and what may need improvement. Knowing user experiences allows potential adopters to make informed decisions, as they can gauge the system's practicality and reliability from a broader community perspective.
Positive User Experiences
Many users have reported positive experiences with Windows 11. Overall, they appreciate the modern user interface and streamlined design. The centering of the taskbar icons has been well received. Users note that it creates a cleaner, more organized workspace.
Furthermore, the integration of Microsoft Teams into the operating system has made communication easier, particularly for remote workers. Many have expressed satisfaction with the performance improvements as well. Windows 11 is seen as faster and more responsive compared to its predecessor, Windows 10.
Specific feedback often highlights the gaming features. Users report a seamless integration with Xbox services and DirectStorage technology, leading to faster load times and improved gaming performance. The Auto HDR feature has also garnered positive remarks, enhancing visual quality in many titles.
“This OS delivers a fresh and smooth experience. I can work and play without any hiccups. It feels like a big step forward.”
Common Issues Reported
Despite its merits, Windows 11 does come with some common issues that users have brought to attention. One notable concern involves compatibility with older applications. Many users have found that some of their legacy software does not function correctly or requires additional configuration.
Another frequent complaint centers around hardware requirements. Some customers express frustration with the stringent requirements, particularly the TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot mandates. This has led to dissatisfaction among those with older machines who cannot upgrade due to lack of support.
Moreover, there is feedback regarding bugs and glitches, particularly during the initial rollout. Some users experienced system instability and application crashes. Though many of these bugs have been addressed in recent patches, the perception of unreliability persisted for some.
Finally, updates have been a point of contention. Some users have found the update process to be disruptive, with unexpected restarts interrupting their work. The feedback shows a demand for improved control over update installations.
In summary, while feedback reveals a strong appreciation for many aspects of Windows 11, it also emphasizes areas needing attention. Understanding these elements can assist both the developers in refining the OS and potential users in their decision-making process.
Future Prospects
Understanding the future prospects of Windows 11 is important for both users and developers. With continuous evolution in technology, knowing what enhancements and features are expected helps in planning for future upgrades and leveraging advancements. Windows 11 aims to not only improve user experience but also adapt to the needs of an ever-changing digital environment.
Upcoming Updates and Features
Microsoft has laid out a roadmap for future updates, which includes several exciting features. These updates are designed to enhance performance, security, and user interface among other areas. Some notable anticipations are:
- Performance Improvements: Regular updates are expected to optimize the operating system even further, making it faster and more efficient.
- New UI Enhancements: Windows 11 is likely to see refinements in user interface elements based on user feedback collected through various channels.
- Expanded Gaming Features: As gaming is increasingly pivotal, future updates may introduce support for more advanced graphics technologies, improving the overall gaming experience.
- Integration with More Apps: There may be an expansion in the compatibility with third-party applications to ensure users have more choices while maintaining ease of use.
Users can expect these updates to be frequent, ensuring Windows 11 remains competitive in the market.
Long-Term Implications for Users and Developers
The long-term implications of Windows 11 touch on numerous factors that influence user experience and developer engagement. As Microsoft adopts a continuous update model, users can benefit from an operating system that evolves with their needs.
For users, this means:
- Sustained Security: Continuous updates will likely enhance security protocols, addressing vulnerabilities promptly.
- Improved Usability: Enhanced features will make the system more intuitive, effectively catering to a wider audience.
For developers, the focus shifts toward:
- Streamlined Development Process: The evolving platform could drive developers to create compatible applications more suited to user preferences.
- Access to Advanced Tools: With Microsoft's commitment to innovation, developers might gain access to state-of-the-art tools and libraries.
The consistent evolution of Windows 11 is crucial for staying ahead in a competitive tech landscape. Both users and developers must remain informed about changes to optimize their strategies and experiences.
In summary, the future prospects for Windows 11 are critical to maintaining its relevance in technology. Continuous updates and enhancements will not only improve the user experience but also provide robust opportunities for developers, ensuring a thriving ecosystem.
The End
The conclusion of this article focuses on synthesizing the significant aspects of the Windows 11 retail version. This section emphasizes the importance of understanding the operating system in relation to its features, performance, and user experiences. A well-rounded comprehension invites readers to evaluate their needs when considering upgrades or new installations.
Summary of Key Insights
Throughout this article, we explored various dimensions of Windows 11. Here are the main insights:
- System Requirements: Recognizing both minimum and recommended specifications is crucial for compatibility. Users should ensure their hardware meets these standards to optimize performance.
- Key Features and User Interface: Enhancements like a new interface and integration with Microsoft Services cultivate a seamless experience, benefiting both regular users and tech enthusiasts.
- User Experience Improvements: Areas like performance boosts and multitasking capabilities are noteworthy. Such upgrades can significantly improve daily tasks, which is important for efficiency.
- Security: The inbuilt antivirus features and enhanced privacy settings represent a shift towards a more secure environment, particularly relevant in today’s digitally-dependent world.
- User Feedback: Understanding general user sentiment helps in setting realistic expectations. Both positive feedback and common issues provide insight into the practical implications of adopting the new OS.
Final Thoughts on Adoption
Adopting Windows 11 is a framework expanded by individual needs and preferences. While many will find value in the new features and performance improvements, others may find current hardware inadequate or may prefer stability over novelty.
The decision to upgrade should derive from a mixture of necessity, how users interact with technology, and long-term support.
